The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the final moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the last thirteen years.